Showing posts with label Research and Planning - Academic Theories. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Research and Planning - Academic Theories. Show all posts
Monday, 16 March 2015
Wednesday, 10 December 2014
Blumler and Katz Uses and Gratification theory
In 1974, Blumler and Katz create a 'Uses and Gratification' theory that explore and suggested how the general public looked towards films and TV Dramas as media has to fit to people's specific needs. They called this 'Uses and Gratification' theory to be known as "The Four Needs Theory ".
In this theory, there is four main parts:
(Taken from http://heworthmediastudies.blogspot.co.uk/2010/04/popular-press-audience-and-blumler-and.html).
This theory is an audience centred approach as to understand mass communication between the media and people. As this question behind this theory "What does media does to people? ".
Modern Day Applications that uses this theory :
(http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uses_and_gratifications_theory#The_active_audience)
From this theory, I have learnt that the targeted audience and the mass majority has specific needs that needs to be involve in my thriller. The audience who will watch my thriller, needs to be entertained in order to enjoy the thriller, but also they need to be educated and informed about the main message behind the thriller. As after all, every film or TV Drama has a main message and purpose to them as they are created to tell the general public about the issue or problem they are informing them about. As this will educated the public about what to look out for,and what to do as the film or TV drama is rising to tell them. Finally, I will make sure that the audience is entertained when watching the thriller, but to rise the message behind the thriller about the issue/problem that the thriller is making. As I will tell them and inform them how to help out in the world to reduce the problem and become better individuals and better world. As the message behind my thriller is how people can receive help when they had to deal with a life issue in their life.
In this theory, there is four main parts:
- Escape and Diversion from everyday life
- Surveillance and Information
- Personal Relationships
- Personal Identity
(Taken from http://heworthmediastudies.blogspot.co.uk/2010/04/popular-press-audience-and-blumler-and.html).
This theory is an audience centred approach as to understand mass communication between the media and people. As this question behind this theory "What does media does to people? ".
Modern Day Applications that uses this theory :
- Mobile Phone
- Internet
- Social Media
- Instant Messaging
- Online Gaming
- Animated News
- Entertainment Media
Katz, Blumler and Gurevitch focused the theory on the social and psychological origins of need that give them expectations of the mass media and other sources. As a result led them to many different paths/patterns of media exposure and the Gratification of the media and people.
According to their research, there was five compartments comprises the Uses and Gratification approach.
According to their research, there was five compartments comprises the Uses and Gratification approach.
- The audience is concerned as active.
- In the mass communication process, gratification and media choices lies with the audience member.
- The media compete with other sources of satisfaction.
- Methodological speaking
- Value judgements about the cultural significance of mass communication.
- to be informed and educated.
- identify with characters of the situation in the media environment.
- simple entertainment.
- enhance social interaction.
- escape from the stresses of daily life.
From this theory, I have learnt that the targeted audience and the mass majority has specific needs that needs to be involve in my thriller. The audience who will watch my thriller, needs to be entertained in order to enjoy the thriller, but also they need to be educated and informed about the main message behind the thriller. As after all, every film or TV Drama has a main message and purpose to them as they are created to tell the general public about the issue or problem they are informing them about. As this will educated the public about what to look out for,and what to do as the film or TV drama is rising to tell them. Finally, I will make sure that the audience is entertained when watching the thriller, but to rise the message behind the thriller about the issue/problem that the thriller is making. As I will tell them and inform them how to help out in the world to reduce the problem and become better individuals and better world. As the message behind my thriller is how people can receive help when they had to deal with a life issue in their life.
Saturday, 22 November 2014
The Kuleshov Experiment
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| Photograph of a person with no light shining onto their face. This shows that this way of taking shots without lighting will create a more effect on the audience that the film has darkest that makes the film more a thriller or horror. |
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| Photograph of a person with lighting shining on one side of the face. This will make the shots for a film more calmer and make it less horror-like. Also this lighting shot can be used in films when there is a calm atmosphere on the scene such as a non- murder scene. |
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| Photograph of lighting shining on the side of the face with the shot being taken. This lighting shot is used in very calm atmospheric scenes of any film. By experimenting with lighting being used in the camera shots can help me with making my thriller opening as this shows which position of the camera needs to be with lighting as lighting can have an impact on the shot. As if lighting is in the wrong place it can make the shot not good as the audience or you can not see the detail on the set. Below is some information about the Kuleshov Experiment. |
Thursday, 20 November 2014
Disability
All information was taken from the following websites:
- http://www.bfi.org.uk/archive-collections/introduction-bfi-collections/bfi-mediatheques/unlimited-disability-screen (1)
- http://www.theguardian.com/media/2014/oct/16/women-old-disabled-under-represented-television (2)
- http://www.theguardian.com/society/joepublic/2011/sep/22/ricky-gervais-stephen-merchant-disability (3)
- http://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2014/representation-disabled-people (4)
The portrayal of disability in British film and television across the last century.
Cinemas rarely shown people with physical and sensory disabilities in an unnatural, unhumanised way in both fiction and non-fiction films. However films have never been good with promoting good stereotypes of disabled people in language and social attitudes showing they have learning disabilities and mental illness.
The first disabled character didn't appeared on British television until 1992 in BBC soap Eldorado, which was played by the actor Donald Gray. In the 21st century, TV dramas started to include the true nature of disability people showing these people can suffer badly and have problems such as having motor neuron disease, obsessive-compulsive disorder and multiple personality conditions. Although, these parts are played mostly by able-bodied actors. with the expectation of disabled actors playing the parts. (1)
Women and older people are misrepresented on television and disabled people are barely seen on some of the UK’s biggest-rating shows.
Television Dramas uses far younger male than other characters trying to gain the most ratings as possible, with low representation of disabled, ethnic minorities, and lesbian, gay and bisexual people.
Broadcasters have united together to improve the representation of people both on screen and behind the scenes. For example, some of the most popular programmes on BBC1, ITV, Channel 4 and Sky1 said "just 15% of women are featured were aged 56 or over, as half the actual make-up (30%) of that demographic in the UK". This states that both on screen and behind the screen men still outnumber women by a ratio of almost 3:2; stating that males has more playable parts in television than females and have more jobs to do behind the screen than females. As stated in the article that ITV had the most minority ethnic faces with 16.5%, followed by the BBC1’s 12.2%, with the most disabled contributors; finally forwarded by with Channel 4 with 3.5%, showing at the bottom in the disabled category with just 1.4%. (2)
TV diversity – showing the percentage of people on-screen who are … (From '2' Source)
Women: 42%
Over 55: 16.1%
Minority ethnic: 13.4%
Disabled: 2.5%
Lesbian, gay or bisexual: 1%
Disability was a campaigning issue, as actors and actress who played disabled characters on television or films were embarrassing to disabled people, as these stereotypes of them were poorly represented as they were shown to be unnatural, no-equalizing way. As they shown to be non-sociable and unable to help themselves, as they relayed on others to do things for them.
In advertising, drama series, sitcoms, soap operas or comedy panel shows, disabled performers are shown to be inhuman, as they were used to be evil in television dramas and films as they were the antagonist in them or to be victims as they are unable to help themselves to be a part of a laugh in comedy panel shows. Take for example "A Touch of Frost" were Billy is being questioned by Inspector Frost and having his father in the room to help him and support him. This shows that disabled people are unable to be left on their lone at any times when they may need the help of another person.
However, some things are getting better for disabled performers now as broadcaster's companies are having diversity departments to help disabled actors and actress with their performance in both TV dramas and films. However most disabled people are featured in documentaries, as they are seen to be a "type of misery heavy portrayals of disabled "victims" or "burdened" carers". (3)
From the BBC website article, I have learnt the BBC is going to improve the representation of disability both on and off screen. As currently the BBC haves staff who are disabled is currently 3.7% and the target for 2017 is to employed 5.3%. And Disabled leadership staff is currently 3.1% and the target is to get it to 5% for 2017. Furthermore the BBC will give more opportunities for disabled people to work for the BBC. This means that disabled people will have the same equal rights as an able-body people in both getting actor/actress character roles and positions of work to help with making the TV Drama or film. (4)
In conclusion, I have learnt of how disability is presented in television that in that it needs improvement. As I acknowledged that using disability in films, TV Dramas or any other on-air television way needs to be make sure that actors/ actress needs to equally auditioned for and thought of carefully, as to give the same chance to both disabled or non-disabled people of being a part of television drama or film. In my thriller "In Thus Life", the main male character of the thriller will have some kind of mental illness, as he will be suffering for horrible nightmares and daily life issues, I know that when I auditioned actors for the role. I have to acknowledge disabled people to have the same chance of getting the role for the part in the thriller. This means that in the production of my thriller, I will make sure that the disabled actor will have help and support with preparing and in filming of the film.
- http://www.bfi.org.uk/archive-collections/introduction-bfi-collections/bfi-mediatheques/unlimited-disability-screen (1)
- http://www.theguardian.com/media/2014/oct/16/women-old-disabled-under-represented-television (2)
- http://www.theguardian.com/society/joepublic/2011/sep/22/ricky-gervais-stephen-merchant-disability (3)
- http://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2014/representation-disabled-people (4)
The portrayal of disability in British film and television across the last century.
Cinemas rarely shown people with physical and sensory disabilities in an unnatural, unhumanised way in both fiction and non-fiction films. However films have never been good with promoting good stereotypes of disabled people in language and social attitudes showing they have learning disabilities and mental illness.
The first disabled character didn't appeared on British television until 1992 in BBC soap Eldorado, which was played by the actor Donald Gray. In the 21st century, TV dramas started to include the true nature of disability people showing these people can suffer badly and have problems such as having motor neuron disease, obsessive-compulsive disorder and multiple personality conditions. Although, these parts are played mostly by able-bodied actors. with the expectation of disabled actors playing the parts. (1)
Women and older people are misrepresented on television and disabled people are barely seen on some of the UK’s biggest-rating shows.
Television Dramas uses far younger male than other characters trying to gain the most ratings as possible, with low representation of disabled, ethnic minorities, and lesbian, gay and bisexual people.
Broadcasters have united together to improve the representation of people both on screen and behind the scenes. For example, some of the most popular programmes on BBC1, ITV, Channel 4 and Sky1 said "just 15% of women are featured were aged 56 or over, as half the actual make-up (30%) of that demographic in the UK". This states that both on screen and behind the screen men still outnumber women by a ratio of almost 3:2; stating that males has more playable parts in television than females and have more jobs to do behind the screen than females. As stated in the article that ITV had the most minority ethnic faces with 16.5%, followed by the BBC1’s 12.2%, with the most disabled contributors; finally forwarded by with Channel 4 with 3.5%, showing at the bottom in the disabled category with just 1.4%. (2)
TV diversity – showing the percentage of people on-screen who are … (From '2' Source)
Women: 42%
Over 55: 16.1%
Minority ethnic: 13.4%
Disabled: 2.5%
Lesbian, gay or bisexual: 1%
Disability was a campaigning issue, as actors and actress who played disabled characters on television or films were embarrassing to disabled people, as these stereotypes of them were poorly represented as they were shown to be unnatural, no-equalizing way. As they shown to be non-sociable and unable to help themselves, as they relayed on others to do things for them.
In advertising, drama series, sitcoms, soap operas or comedy panel shows, disabled performers are shown to be inhuman, as they were used to be evil in television dramas and films as they were the antagonist in them or to be victims as they are unable to help themselves to be a part of a laugh in comedy panel shows. Take for example "A Touch of Frost" were Billy is being questioned by Inspector Frost and having his father in the room to help him and support him. This shows that disabled people are unable to be left on their lone at any times when they may need the help of another person.
However, some things are getting better for disabled performers now as broadcaster's companies are having diversity departments to help disabled actors and actress with their performance in both TV dramas and films. However most disabled people are featured in documentaries, as they are seen to be a "type of misery heavy portrayals of disabled "victims" or "burdened" carers". (3)
From the BBC website article, I have learnt the BBC is going to improve the representation of disability both on and off screen. As currently the BBC haves staff who are disabled is currently 3.7% and the target for 2017 is to employed 5.3%. And Disabled leadership staff is currently 3.1% and the target is to get it to 5% for 2017. Furthermore the BBC will give more opportunities for disabled people to work for the BBC. This means that disabled people will have the same equal rights as an able-body people in both getting actor/actress character roles and positions of work to help with making the TV Drama or film. (4)
In conclusion, I have learnt of how disability is presented in television that in that it needs improvement. As I acknowledged that using disability in films, TV Dramas or any other on-air television way needs to be make sure that actors/ actress needs to equally auditioned for and thought of carefully, as to give the same chance to both disabled or non-disabled people of being a part of television drama or film. In my thriller "In Thus Life", the main male character of the thriller will have some kind of mental illness, as he will be suffering for horrible nightmares and daily life issues, I know that when I auditioned actors for the role. I have to acknowledge disabled people to have the same chance of getting the role for the part in the thriller. This means that in the production of my thriller, I will make sure that the disabled actor will have help and support with preparing and in filming of the film.
Thursday, 2 October 2014
Thrillers
What is a thriller?
A thriller is a board genre of literature, film, gaming and television.
It includes numerous often overlapping sub - genres.
The ingredients to make a thriller successful:
- fast paced
- frequent action
- resourceful heroes, who must thwart the plans of more powerful and better equipped villains
Literary devices that used within thrillers:
Suspense
Red herrings
Cliff - hangers
Cheap surprise
False ending
Make the thriller personal
Theatre of the mind
Different types of thrillers:
- Spy thriller - Horror thriller
- Political thriller - Erotic thriller
- Military thriller - Disaster thriller
- Forensic thriller - Crime thriller
- Conspiracy thriller - Legal thriller
- Medical thriller
- Psychological thriller
Characteristics of a Thriller:
Thrillers often overlap with mystery stories, but are distinguished by the structure of their plots. In a thriller, the hero must thwart the plans of an enemy rather than uncover a crime that has already happened.
Thrillers occur on a much grander scale.
Standard plots elements including a sense of jeopardy and violent confrontations.
In the original thrillers, there is always a Protagonist and Antagonist (Good versus Evil), however in today's thrillers, this wasn't used as in these thrillers; a new term is used " Levi Straves".
Some examples are now used in some thrillers:
- Individual versus Origination
- City Dweller versus Country Villagers
- Weak versus Powerful
- Living versus The Dead
In most thrillers towards the ending of the film a climax occurs, as this will lead to further future films to continue the story of the first film. Such as will the Antagonist's son will seek revenge of the Protagonist.
Locations
Most thrillers take place within foreign cities, deserts, churches, subways, polar regions, high seas and a forest or wood.
Research of a film- TAKEN
Taken is an English-language French Thriller, as the plot behind the film is that a cop, who's lost his job has to go to France to find his kidnapped daughter and kill the people, who took her.
This film is a conspiracy thriller, as the father is the "individual" who fights against a large origination of people, who kidnaps young girls especially daughters and sell them for money and pleasure. As well as this film was also a Forensic thriller as the father was a nearly retired CIA agent. The characteristics of this film is that the thriller is moving at a fast-paced to keep the audience interested with the movie, also has standard plot's elements of jeopardy and violent confrontations. Furthermore, "Taken" is mostly set within Paris, France however some of the filming is done in Los Angeles, USA. In additional, the thriller has the correct ingredients of a thriller such as "Taken" has a resourceful hero which is "Liam Neeson", who thwarts to find his daughter and stop the kidnappers from taking anymore young girls.
Including the film is set out to make the thriller personal, as the story is based on a family trying to find their kidnapped daughter. As a result, the film "Taken" received " 7.9 out of 10" - ( this statement was taken from the IMDb film review of Taken) and was a successful thriller in the year 2008.
In my main tasks
I have to create an opening to a new fiction film thriller. In group's choice, we will make a psychological/horror thriller, the opening to this new film has to be a maximum of two minutes long.
The planning is worth 20 marks.
The filming is worth 40 marks.
The evaluation of the film is worth 20 marks.
So the opening of the film in total is worth 80 marks.
A thriller is a board genre of literature, film, gaming and television.
It includes numerous often overlapping sub - genres.
The ingredients to make a thriller successful:
- fast paced
- frequent action
- resourceful heroes, who must thwart the plans of more powerful and better equipped villains
Literary devices that used within thrillers:
Suspense
Red herrings
Cliff - hangers
Cheap surprise
False ending
Make the thriller personal
Theatre of the mind
Different types of thrillers:
- Spy thriller - Horror thriller
- Political thriller - Erotic thriller
- Military thriller - Disaster thriller
- Forensic thriller - Crime thriller
- Conspiracy thriller - Legal thriller
- Medical thriller
- Psychological thriller
Characteristics of a Thriller:
Thrillers often overlap with mystery stories, but are distinguished by the structure of their plots. In a thriller, the hero must thwart the plans of an enemy rather than uncover a crime that has already happened.
Thrillers occur on a much grander scale.
Standard plots elements including a sense of jeopardy and violent confrontations.
In the original thrillers, there is always a Protagonist and Antagonist (Good versus Evil), however in today's thrillers, this wasn't used as in these thrillers; a new term is used " Levi Straves".
Some examples are now used in some thrillers:
- Individual versus Origination
- City Dweller versus Country Villagers
- Weak versus Powerful
- Living versus The Dead
In most thrillers towards the ending of the film a climax occurs, as this will lead to further future films to continue the story of the first film. Such as will the Antagonist's son will seek revenge of the Protagonist.
Locations
Most thrillers take place within foreign cities, deserts, churches, subways, polar regions, high seas and a forest or wood.
Research of a film- TAKENTaken is an English-language French Thriller, as the plot behind the film is that a cop, who's lost his job has to go to France to find his kidnapped daughter and kill the people, who took her.
This film is a conspiracy thriller, as the father is the "individual" who fights against a large origination of people, who kidnaps young girls especially daughters and sell them for money and pleasure. As well as this film was also a Forensic thriller as the father was a nearly retired CIA agent. The characteristics of this film is that the thriller is moving at a fast-paced to keep the audience interested with the movie, also has standard plot's elements of jeopardy and violent confrontations. Furthermore, "Taken" is mostly set within Paris, France however some of the filming is done in Los Angeles, USA. In additional, the thriller has the correct ingredients of a thriller such as "Taken" has a resourceful hero which is "Liam Neeson", who thwarts to find his daughter and stop the kidnappers from taking anymore young girls.
Including the film is set out to make the thriller personal, as the story is based on a family trying to find their kidnapped daughter. As a result, the film "Taken" received " 7.9 out of 10" - ( this statement was taken from the IMDb film review of Taken) and was a successful thriller in the year 2008.
In my main tasks
I have to create an opening to a new fiction film thriller. In group's choice, we will make a psychological/horror thriller, the opening to this new film has to be a maximum of two minutes long.
The planning is worth 20 marks.
The filming is worth 40 marks.
The evaluation of the film is worth 20 marks.
So the opening of the film in total is worth 80 marks.
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